语法学习

句型

动词的时态

动词语气

1. 陈述语气
1. 一般语气

2. 祈使语气
1. 用第二人称一般现在时句子去掉人称保持动词原形

3. 虚拟语气
1. 不可能的假设
1. 与现在相反：
1. 条件句：过去式, 主句：would + 动词原形
2. 与将来相反
1. 条件句：should + 动词原形 主句：would + 动词原形
3. 与过去相反
1. 条件句：had + 动词过去分词 主句：would have + 动词过去分词
2. 愿望、请求、建议、命令~~
1. wish/would rather/damand/suggest/insist/order/… + should+动词变形（同上）

非谓语动词

1. 动词不定式
1. （to） 动词原形 or 动词状态
1. 作主语
1. To eat a carrot every day is good for the rabbit
2. it is+形容词+for sb.+ to do sth. It is good for the rabbit to eat a carrot every day(主语从句）
3. The rabbit's dream is to eat every kind of carrot in the world （is 相当于 =）
2. 做宾语
1. The rabbit likes to eat carrots
3. 做宾语补语
1. The rabbit expected the wolf to eat a carrot
2. 注意see、find、watch、have、make、let 省略 to
4. 做状语
1. 表目的 I will do anything to get a thumbs-up.
2. 表结果 I got enough thumbs-up to make another video.
2. 动名词 +ing
1. 做主语
Eating carrots is healthy for the rabbit.
2. 做表语 The rabbit's hobby is growing carrots.
3. 作定语 a sleeping pill==a pill for sleeping
4. 做宾语 The rabbit enjoys eating carrots. 注意：avoid、advise、consider、escape、mind、practice、insist on、give up、feel like、put off...
这些不能用动词不定式
3. 现在分词 +ing 主动
1. 做形容词 The game is exciting.
2. 做宾补 The wolf saw the rabbit eating a carrot.
3. 作状语 Hearing the news, the rabbit became excited = When he heard the news, the rabbit became excited.
4. 过去分词 +ed(有特殊变化） 被动
1. 做形容词 an excited rabbit
2. 做定语需要后置 The carrot cake eaten by the rabbit is delicious
3. 做表语
The rabbit is interested in growing carrots.
4. 做宾语补语
The rabbit found his carrot stolen
5. 做状语
Seen from the hill. the carrot field looks beautiful

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系动词



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独立主格



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使役动词

表达使、让、令等意思，接宾语+宾语补语
I make the wolf eat carrots from time to time.
 





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从句

 
5. 形容词从句（定语从句）
1. 从句形容词后置：The rabbit is eating a carrot that l bought
2. 关系词引导的形容词从句:
1. 关系代词：that、who、whom、whose、which;
1. that 先行词唯一
2. which 先行词不唯一
2. 关系副词：where\at which、why\for which、when\on which
3. 限定性与非限定性
1. The rabbit ate the carrot, which was not surprising..逗号隔开表示非限定，which代表the tabbit，独立的句子可以删掉
6. 名词从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、宾语补语从句）
1. 主语从句
1. 一般形式 关系词+主语+谓语 That the rabbit ate a carrot is a secret.
为了不显得头重脚轻，一般用it作为形式主语代替主语从句提前
It is a secret that the rabbit ate a carrot.
2. 宾语从句
1. 包含确定信息或者不确定信息 that确定，其余不确定
I saw that the rabbit ate a carrot.
I saw who ate the carrot.
2. that引导词可以省略
3. 从句和主语时态一致
3. 表语从句（主语补语）
1. 主语+系动词+表语从句 The reason is that there's no more carrrot.
2. 系动词非Be动词 It seems that the rabbit is hungry.
4. 同位语从句
1. The fact that the rabbit ate the carrot did not surprise me.
2. 用于将不明确的主、宾词重新解释
5. 宾语补语从句
1. My education made me who I am today.
7. 副词从句（状语）
1. 表时间(如:在...前)
1. 引导词 before 在。。之前
1. The rabbit ate a carrot at home before the wolf stopped by.
2. Before the wolf stopped by, the rabbit ate a carrot at home
2. when（时间点） while（时间段） as（同时） 在。。之中
1. The rabbit was eating a carrot when I reached home.
2. The rabbit was eating a carrot while I was making a video.
3. I ate a carrot as I made the video.
3. after　在。。之后
1. The rabbit ate a carrot after the wolf stopped by.
4. since　从某一时间开始算起（完成状态）
1. The rabbit has shared three carrots since the wolf stopped by.
5. until　直到之后的某一时间点
1. The rabbit waited until the wolf stopped by.
6. as soon as 一 。。 就 。。
1. The rabbit will eat a carrot as soon as the wolf leaves.
7. the next time 下次
1. The rabbit will share the biggest carrot the next the wolf stops by.
2. 表地点(如:在...地方)
1. where 强调形式（wherever ……)
1. The rabbit ate the carrot where he found it.
2. The rabbit will go wherever he can find a carrot.
3. 表条件(如:如果...)
1. if 从句，主句
2. 条件句的从句比主句时态上落后一个时间段
4. 表让步(如:虽然...但是....)
1. even 即使
2. Although 尽管
3. no matter + 疑问句
5. 表方式(如:就好像...)
1. as if
1. I feel good as if I just ate a carrot.
6. 表比较(如:比...)
1. 比较级 than / as … as 同样的
This carrot is as big as that one
2. the…the…
1. The more you practice English,the more fluent you become.
7. 表原因(如:因为...所以...)
8. 表目的(如:为了)
9. 表结果(如:所以...)

词性

1. 冠词 asd
1. 不定冠词a & an
1. 元音音素用an其余用a
2. 泛指（某一个人或物或一类）
3. 固定用法

2. 定冠词 the
1. 发音不同
2. 特指the
1. 某人或某物用
2. 用在序数词和形容词的最高级前
3. 独一无二的名词
3. 泛指
1. 西洋乐器（the piano\violin\guita)
2. The + 形容词 表一类人（The rich\poor)
4. 固定用法
1. all the time 总是、一直
2. by the way 顺便
3. out of the question 不可能
3. 零冠词
1. 复数泛指一类东西
2. 泛指概念（球类学科和三餐，星期季节月份前）
3. 专有名词（城市、人名）
4. 固定表达
1. from time to time 不时地
2. face to face 面对面
3. out of question 毫无疑问

2. 介词
1. 介词+名词，代词…… 前置词