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小作文
类型
- line chart(graph、diagram）折线图
- pie chart 饼图
- bar chart 柱状图
- table/sheet 表格
写作要点
①折线图
- 开头
- 同义替换》现在时
- 主体
②静态图
- 开头
- 同义替换》现在时
- 主体
- 概述》不出现具体数据》现在时
- 介绍每组数据代表的意义/信息
- 描述每组数据的极值
- 描述整体数据的特征/规律（大小变化，差异，相似）
- 分述》描述具体数据
- 根据分段信息进行总起
- 描述本组内各个单元数据的特点/极值/相似/差异
- 分述》描述具体数据
- 同上
③流程图
流程图和普通图表图的区别：
1. 流程图基本上不会出现数字，以文字为主
2. 流程图以描述为主，比较的机会比较少
3. 流程图需要描述图中出现的所有信息，而普通图标则不需要描述每一出现的数据
4. 流程图时态比较单一，主要是用一般现在时
5. 流程图的分段比较灵活，只要不同阶段之间的差距很明显，就可以另起一段
- 掌握好常用句式（段落链接和每个阶段的不同说法）
- 首阶段的说法
- The process starts from + 名词 or 动名词
- At the first/initial stage, + 句子
- At the beginning of the cycle, + 句子\
- During the initial phase, + 句子\
- The beginning of the whole cycle is marked by + 名词 or 动名词
- 名词 or 动名词 + is the first step in + 名词 or 动名词
- 次阶段的说法
- The second stage is + 名词 or 动名词\
- The third stage is that + 从句
- The next step in the process is + 名词 or 动名词
- 最后阶段的说法
- 名词 or 动名词 + is the last step in the procedure
- The final phase of the procedure is about + 名词 or 动名词
- In the final phase, + 句子
- Entering the final phase, + 句子
- 名词 or 动名词 + is the final stage
2.常用动词
dry/ heat(er)/ roast(er)/ cool(er)/ freeze(r)/ mix(er)/ rotate(r)/ crush(er)/ grind(er) - ground/ strain/ squeeze(r)/ unwind(er)/ twist/ dye/ de-ink/ pack
干燥/加热/烘烤/冷却/冷冻/混合/旋转/压碎/研磨-研磨/应变/挤压/展开/扭曲/染色/脱墨/包装
转换形态变机器
必背单词
原词 | 替代词 | 释义 |
shows | present,describe,compare | 表明、说明 |
increase | rise,grow,ascend,goup,climb up | 上升 |
decrease | drop,fall,decline,descend,go down | 下降 |
be equal to | keep steady at,hold at, remain at | 保持 |
wave | fluctuate,stabilize at,leve off/out at | 波动 |
bottom out | minimum value,the least | 最小值 |
peak at | the highest | 最大值 |
reach | hit to,arrive to，get to | 到达 |
almost | near,around,about,approximate | 几乎、大约 |
ㅤ | growth,ascent,descent,fluctuation | 名词形式 |
rapid | sharp,dramatic | 剧烈的 |
considerable | great.significant | 明显的 |
slight | slow,smooth，gent,regular,comparative | 轻微、缓慢 |
consumption | expenditure，expend,cost，spend | 消耗，花费 |
occupy | reach,take up,make up,occount up | 占据 |
deliver | send,transfer | 传送 |
convert into | transform into | 转化 |
use | utilize,employ | 使用 |
remove | throw away,dispose of | 丢弃 |
produce | generate,create, make | 生产 |
afterwards | subsequently,then,in the next step
after that,next,finally | 连接词 |
ㅤ | ㅤ | ㅤ |
必背句式：
类型 | 句式 | ㅤ |
最大/最小值 | reach the highest(the least) point at 时间 | 在什么时间到达最大值（最小值） |
ㅤ | peak at(bottom out) at 数 in 时间 | 在某时间某个数达到巅峰（低谷） |
强调变化 | A overtook(超过) B in 时间 | A在某个时间超过B |
①折线图
例句1
- sth dropped(increased) significantly form 700 units(单位） in 2001 to 400 units in 2010
- sth in 2010 was 300 units down(grow) inn that of 2001
- sth in 2010 was almost half(twis/double,two-fifths(2/5)) of that in 2001
例句2
主+谓：sth grew steadily from 时间 （东西平稳上升）
There be:There was a steaby growth on sth form 1990 (平稳上升在东西在1990）
sth experienced/withessed/saw/presented a growth form 1990 (某物在1990 出现增长）
例句3
The electricity consumption（消费） of city during the winter three times（三倍） that of summmer(城市冬天的用电量是夏天的三倍）
……… is morn than three times that of ………(三倍还多）
……… three times greater than ………(多三倍)
例句4
1 《2023 过去时
2 2023 现在时
3 》2023 将来时
趋势+细节
From 2010 onwards(向前）， sth presents/show a general increase (从什么时候向前，什么东西出现了增长，趋势→现在时）
By 2040, is can be predicted/forecasted that sth will reach/hit to/arrive at 1000 (到2040年，可以预测/预测某物将达到/达到/达到1000)
例句5
Sth is being increase at the rate of 10 units
Sth grew steadily from 2001 to 2010, apart from 2003 to 2006 when there was a
hold at 400 units or sth from 2001 to 2003 was on the rise ,which was similar to that from 2006 to 2010
fluctuation at 400
drop of 200 units(下降了200）
Sth from 2001 to 2006 was on the rise,which was different from that from(coming) 2006 to 2011
rising further xxx in 上升
dropping further 下降
similar to 相同
different from 不同
②静态图
0个时间点现在时，1个时间点过去时
强调数据排序
例句1
A | 1000 |
B | 950（600） |
C | 550 |
D | 410 |
E | 320 |
F | 120 |
G | 30 |
- A is the largest part in the table,which occupies 1000 units
- B is a close（far) second with only 50 units(almost 400 units) less
- Third comes C with 550 units
- D is close/far behind with C,which makes up 410 units
- E ranks/takes fifth place/spot in the table,which takes up 320 units
- Following E comes F with only 120 units
- Finally the rest(剩余部分） is G，which just accounts for 30 units
③流程图
首先分析这个图中一共含有哪些步骤---水蒸气汇聚，降雨，蒸发，蒸腾，渗透，汇流，回流
其中，降雨这个过程是最单一和简单的，因此，我们可以把降雨precipitation作为初始步骤，然后按照顺序进行描述
任何流程图中都要写完整的句子，千万不要写祈使句！
错误：Put these materials in the heater.
正确：These materials are put in the heater.
Putting these materials in the heater is the first step in the procedure.
工序图具体写作步骤
步骤一：确定材料
每一个工序都有其使用的材料
步骤二：确定工具（如果题目中有给出相关工具名称）
每一个工序都有其使用的工具
步骤三：确定动词
每一个工序都有相对应的动作
步骤四：汇总信息写成句子
用对应步骤的动作连接材料和工具写成完整的句子
开头：改写（同义词替换）
概述：
1. There are total XX steps in XXX – making, starting from/ beginning with 名词/ 动名词, and ends at 名词/ 动名词。
or
2. There are XX different materials needed in XXX – making, including XXX, XXX, XX………
描述具体步骤：
找三要素：材料/ 工具/ 动作 ---- 什么材料通过某个工具被怎么样，（变成了/ 生产出了一种新物质）
(衔接词) Step 1: Limestone and clay are crushed by the crusher, which are converted into powder.
(衔接词) Step 2: Powder is sent to the mixer, where it is mixed.
(衔接词) Step 3: Mixture is delivered to the rotating heater, in which it is rotated and heater.
(衔接词) Step 4&5: Powder is placed on the conveyor belt and then it is ground by the grinder, which is transformed into cement.
(衔接词) Step 6: Cement is packed in/ by bags.
(衔接词) Step 7: 50% of gravel, 25% of sand, 15% of cement and 10% of water are rotated in concrete mixer, which become concrete finally.
- 作者:Akira
- 链接:https://www.akiraming.eu.org/article/bb22505f-227f-4696-bf8c-caa5b3be92db
- 声明:本文采用 CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 许可协议，转载请注明出处。
